Predicted Top 5 Population Problems

Immigration

• Iceland has a rather low immigration rate, usually hovering on the negative side. Considering their decreasing birth rates, a lack of immigration could lead to a dangerously low work force for the country. This is even more important considering the amount of debt possessed by the country. Immigration to Iceland could increase their exports of natural resources, therefore increasing their economy. 

Culture

• Iceland is known for their gender equality in all aspects of life and set a wonderful example for countries trying to obtain such equality. It is not here that a possible issue lies, but when immigration is considered, Iceland's modern gender views could create hostile issues. Aside from gender equality, religion lacks heavy importance in Iceland. The most prominent type of religion is Lutheran, and even then few make religion a part of their everyday lives. If immigration is to increase in Iceland, a trend that would benefit the economy, it is possible that we would see similar social issues to those of France towards their Muslim population. Developing nations have ideals that are polar opposites of those of Iceland, and intolerance from one side or the other could become prevalent if immigration from such countries grows. 

Welfare

• In Iceland, almost every service is provided by government. Health care is universal and only small fees are paid out of pocket, primary and higher education are funded by the government, and retirement and pensions are funded by taxes as well. Currently, this is working well for the country and has helped lead to their success in education rates and health conditions. The issue for the future focuses around their work force. With birthrates declining and considering their less-than-perfect economic standing, the workforce in Iceland is not particularly growing. As the population continues to age, there is the possibility that they will see similar issues to the U.S. in regards to having sufficient funds to support their elderly and retired population, especially considering how heavily these systems depend on tax payer money.

Environment

• With most of their natural resources still fairing well in supply, there is a worry that as a need for a growing economy increases, so will use of their resources for exports. Along with this, their fishing industry is already declining and will most likely continue to do so as they continue to hunt for species which most countries have banned or limited. Iceland should be sure to carefully monitor their use of natural resources. 

Lack of Foreign Relations

• Iceland is one of few European countries to not be a member of the EU. Although they have applied, membership is not certain. Considering their struggling economy, belonging to the EU could benefit them in regaining stability. Also, Iceland lacks a formal military, so having such foreign relations could be a huge asset when it comes to the possibility of war. Although exports and imports with foreign countries are increasing, they are still at a minimal level considering the amount of exports available in Iceland. All of these factors could lead to further instability issues when it comes to economy and human welfare.